How does the dramatic technique used in the play help the audience to understand the importance of Shirleys transformation Essay Example

How does the emotional procedure utilized in the play help the crowd to comprehend the significance of Shirleys change Essay Shirley Bradshaw the principle character in the play is a housewife in an average workers condition. Unfit to stand the repetitive way of life she is compelled to live in she sets out on an excursion to rediscover herself. She does this by going to Greece, looking for another life and experience. Willy Russell utilizes emotional procedures to represent the significance of Shirleys change. He utilizes gadgets, for example, voiceovers, flashbacks, sensational monolog and silliness these assistance depict Shirleys sentiments, convictions and it additionally helps by discovering her goal. Before the finish of the screen play the crowd will see Shirley as a lady who has satisfied her fantasies and accomplishment as she no longer will be the discouraged devoted house wife.Similarly Willy Russell was naturally introduced to a common laborers family like Shirley. He was conceived in Liverpool in the year 1974. He left school at fifteen years old much like the character of Shirley, who additi onally left school early in light of the fact that she had no expectations in her scholarly profession. This may have been because of cliché sees that accompanied living in Liverpool during the 1960s particularly for common laborers individuals. Another explanation can be that understudies from common laborers families were not urged to seek after their scholarly professions. Russell had a chance to find out about the lives of common laborers ladies during this period as it supported him recorded as a hard copy his plays; he comprehended what was going on in regular day to day existence and what went on in the lives of average workers ladies also. Following this he did an assortment of employments, incorporating stacking stockings in the stockroom; this is presumably why he depicts the average workers family essentially as vulnerable casualties. When he was twenty he needed to turn into a writer and in the end proceeded to turn into a play write.Russell composed the screenplay in 1 989, the class that Shirley Valentine has a place with is kitchen sink show. Kitchen sink dramatization is no nonsense authenticity with an emphasis on common laborers life, social issues and connections. In the screenplay these issues are underlined in Shirleys life. Besides, Russell takes the possibility of kitchen sink show in the primary scene in light of the fact that Shirleys stripping potatoes in the kitchen. In addition, ladies are generally observed as casualties due to their delicacy and as they are ladies they are consequently connected with family unit tasks, for they are the sustaining parent.In Shirley Valentine Russell has undercut a womans job as a hero underscoring the significance of ladies and passing on them as providers rather than housewives. Russell utilizes an assortment of sensational strategies in the initial credits so as to set up Shirleys character and to connect with the crowd. He does this by the utilization of diegetic and non-dietetic sounds. In the title succession utilization of diegetic sounds, for example, the foundation song of devotion, A young lady who used to be me she could fly she was free infers Shirleys change, likewise the tone of the anthem is remorseful and dismal. The verses additionally bring out how Shirley was once free and autonomous and has now clearly changed.This likewise recommends that the hero had the option to accomplish all the more however wasnt empowered enough in her initial life. The utilization of altering and camera work depicts Shirleys dull way of life and the arrangement of drawings demonstrating Shirley doing assortments of household exercises additionally passes on the dreary air. Her life is outlined in a progression of drawings, which demonstrate her unfulfilled dreams and wishes. The back scene is inauspicious and blue; this strengthens her dull life and her wretchedness. The portrayals at that point break up into a since a long time ago shot of Shirley conveying shopping packs and stro lling along a dull and desolate rural road, further passing on her unremarkable life.As Shirley first goes into her semi-withdrew house she is set up in a mid shot, this quickly infers her average workers status due to the setting, which is a claustrophobic house. As she strolls inside the entry into the kitchen, putting her shopping on the table, she dismisses to converse with the divider. This first scene is set in the kitchen, which is indicating the kitchen sink show, as though she is caught and the kitchen is her jail.Straight away she takes part in a silly discourse with the divider, Hello divider. This emotional monolog infers to the watchers that shes alone for her solitary organization is the kitchen divider; this additionally recommends her distress for some organization. Unexpectedly, going to the camera she converses with her self, connecting with the crowd in discussion, which makes them, feel progressively included and a piece of the play. In her monolog Shirley allude s to her significant other, for example Gracious God! What will he resemble, eh divider? My feller? What will he resemble when he discovers hes just gettin chips an egg for tea? this makes sensational strain on the grounds that the crowd have not yet meet Shirleys spouse and their relationship hasnt been characterized. This likewise suggests her absence of control in her life for she is stuck at home and her principle objective is to satisfy her husband.The direction of the play is organized in streak backs to pass on Shirleys change plainly. This is appeared in the flashbacks, when she was youthful and she was moving into their home with Joe Shirley dunks her brush in her container of paint and flicks it up at Joe proposing that Shirley was perky and delighted in life to its fullest with her better half Joe.Then Shirley is found in a bar with her companions in her thirties; these are appeared as accounts of parts of her life. Russell shows Shirley as she converses with the divider, she communicates every one of her feelings and emotions to it, she regards it as though its an individual, which enhances her forlornness. The flashback method is utilizations to cause the crowd to sympathize with Shirleys situation.Theyre interested by sex. All things considered, I guess Id have been the equivalent if Id been conceived in their age mind you it was distinctive in my days. This statement shows Shirleys interest in sex and her craving for additional in hers and Joes sexual coexistence. Additionally it gives her yearning for her young life. The decrease of their marriage is effectively recognizable through the flashback of Shirley from her thirties discussing sex to her companions as she addresses the camera hilariously, Joe I stated, have you at any point known about clitoris? He didnt even turn upward from his paper, yah he stated, however it doesnt go just as the passage cortina. This stunning little joke strengthens Shirleys despondency in her sexual coexistence. Shirley and Joes absence of sexual coexistence in their relationship depicts their hole in correspondence, which demonstrates their relationship to be horrid and mundane.As the flashbacks end, she starts to cut the potatoes, as she does so she takes a gander at the divider and says I do miss them the kidsdont I divider? Theres just me a him nowwell, he strolled in one night with a grin all over an I didnt remember him this gives her requirement for organization once the youngsters were gone and the separation in their relationship. This is on the grounds that caring for the children made them two occupied with their consistently life that they possessed less energy for one another. Shirley and Joes life have been destroyed and their relationship has self-destructed. Recall that divider? He used to cherish me since I was a nutcase.This quote proposes there past relationship, the way that Joe adored Shirley for her nuttiness demonstrated how profoundly enamored with one another they w ere, yet as time passed by, their relationship turned into a trade off. Russell at that point returns to show the blaze back of Shirley in her twenties as she and Joe have recently moved into the house. The flashback shows their relationship in the first place, their affection and joy being together, Joe used to communicate his affections for Shirley, I love youShirley Valentine, this shows the significant stretch that has shaped in their relationship, how their kids and Joes work has gotten more significant than their adoration for each other.Through out the flashbacks the crowd is likewise ready to see the progressions that have happened in Shirley since she was a youngster. Youthful Shirley had low confidence as her educators regularly put her down. They had no expectations in her accomplishment since they thought she had no scholarly future in front of her and that she wouldnt have the option to accomplish anything as she was from a common laborers family. This is one reason Shi rley had left her scholastic profession at such a youthful age as nobody had desires from her and never supported her. This might be a similar explanation behind Willy Russell leaving school at an early age.During when Russell was in school and when the screen play was composed, individuals frequently generalized average workers groups of being underachievers since they didnt have as much cash as others. A case of this is in the screenplay as Shirleys educators have low anticipations of Shirley. The headmistress with rage pointing a shaking finger at youthful Shirley somebody more likely than not disclosed to you this shows they belittled Shirleys potential and progressively drove her away from school and surrender her training. Notwithstanding, understudies, for example, Marjorie were supported and given greater consolation, due to their status, and the way that shed had oration exercises, just shows how Prejudice individuals were.As a youngster Shirley was a horrendous agitator, y outhful Shirley shrugs and delays her cigarette, recommending that she wasnt a model student, defying school guidelines by smoking and different things like she was additionally a domineering jerk. She harassed Marjorie for being an instructors pet, however somewhere inside she truly needed to resemble her. This suggests to the crowd that since the beginning she needed to be somebody of significant worth that individuals turned upward to as their good example by doing great in her examinations, yet she had low confidence which made her take an alternate way to her life. Shirley harassed Marjorie by pointing a blade at her and saying I can harm your wellbeing. This demonstrates Shirley was envious of Marjorie as she begrudged the way she was.It was amusing when Shirley discovered that her good example Marjorie ended up being high-cl

Relationships and Sexuality Education Topics †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about the Relationships and Sexuality Education Topics. Answer: Presentation The portfolio manages the materials appropriate for showing wellbeing and physical instruction subjects. The portfolio is intended to contain the scrutinize of the materials and assets reasonable for educators to use for youngsters in their initial life years (tutoring and preschooling). The position proclamation on significance of wellbeing and physical training or HPE has been created dependent on information from Australian educational program a piece of the job of the Australian Council for heath, Physical Education and Recreation. It is the main affiliation contributing towards advancement of the HPE in learning regions in schools. The educational plan of HPE centers around the 12 territories. It incorporates relationship and sexuality, medical advantages of physical action, food and sustenance, liquor and different medications, central and development abilities, psychological well-being and prosperity, security, challenge and experience exercises, dynamic play and minor games, games and bolsters, cadenced and expressive development exercises and long lasting physical movement, (Lynch, 2014). HPE is significant as the preschool years, is the period of significant learning experience. In this stage the development and improvement stories place quickly. It underpins the psychological, physical, social, enthusiastic, spaces. Physical training is significant as in every single small kid there is an inward desire to fortify bodys limit with respect to development and become able in the physical aptitudes (Lynch 2015). Physical exercises are significant for youngsters as it is vital part of regular daily existence. Developments are utilized by kids to communicate their emotions, find out about items and world. Youngsters are discovered glad on physical achievement. Consequently, physical action happens in numerous structures in early life (Lynch 2015). As per Stork and Sanders (2008), physical instruction gives kids chances to build up the psychomotor, intellectual, social abilities. The physical training having the energetic nature has been viewed as a successful alternative t o build up all parts of the character in youngsters. A few research discoveries uncovered that the school instruction program has been powerful in kid advancement genuinely Therefore, school condition is viable in instructing youngsters to become solid and stay dynamic (Hyndman et al., 2017). HPE is significant for helping youngsters in recognizing the decent variety according to gander and sexuality. The HPE programs are accordingly planned by instructors to teach youngsters about the effect of assorted variety on social world. The significance of HPE in such manner is to give important learning chances to same sex and sexual orientation assorted understudies. HPE in Australian educational program is structured in the way that the addresses the issues of kids in the wellbeing center territory of connections and sexuality. Educators are to guarantee that the exercises utilized are comprehensive. The instruction is intended to think about the lived understanding of the considerable number of understudies. When instructing about the multiplication and sexual wellbeing, the instructors guarantee that the necessities of kids with sex assorted, same sex pulled in or intersex are met (McKay et al., 2017). The instructors can utilize distinctive educational methodologies For HPE. There are two significant strands that are interrelated and bolster one another. It incorporates individual, social and network wellbeing and development and physical movement. It is appropriate for showing directly from Foundation to Year 10. Educators make open doors for useful applications. It upgrades the information, abilities and comprehension of assortment of significant and important wellbeing and development center zones. Educators assume an imperative job in helping youngsters to settle on choice identified with wellbeing, and enable them to receive them to make sound conduct. In this way, educators structure exercises where youngsters find out about conduct perspectives related with the physical exercises (Tsangaridou 2017). Instructors create content in the educational program that empowers kids to fundamentally consider the variables affecting the wellbeing and prosperity of the networks. Thusly, understudies are helped to concentrate on scope of wellbeing zones and issues. educators utilization of scope of play exercises, shows, workmanship, music, exercise plans for kid procurement of scope of development aptitudes, get familiar with the significance of physical action, and significance of open air sports across culture and time. Investment in different physical and development exercises assists youngsters with learning individual and social abilities, for example, dynamic, correspondence, critical thinking, inventive reasoning, basic investigation and participation. Development encounters likewise show understudies the self administration, mindfulness, make progress toward upgraded execution, and endure with difficulties (Garvis and Pendergast 2017). Assets depiction and investigate on physical wellbeing Movement talk about sex to youngsters 5-8 years. The tips incorporate keeping basic language and look after trustworthiness. It might be alright to state dont know. May include guardians and start discussion concerning the recordings or TV appears. The reason is expanding pace of high school pregnancy and explicitly transmitted illness in Australian and Indigenous people group What it is Site https://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/sex_education_young_children.html Center (theme) Area in AC: HPE Relationship and sexuality Area in AC:HPE Establishment Strand-Personal, social and network wellbeing Sub strand-distinguish, self personalities, changes and advances, settling on solid and safe decisions ACPPS016 General abilities solid feeling of character Mix Sex and relationship mindfulness HPE-make banner and present recordings and various sorts of sex and connections and read books on sexual assorted variety Science-ideas of sex and propagation, Expressions play on sex assorted variety What it's identity is to be utilized by Instructors and guardians can request that understudies verbalize their emotions about sex and their connections. Present the adolescence and changes through banners and request that kid take go to discuss themselves. Kids can likewise connect with interest Why it is useful It is useful for the understudy to comprehend the sex and sexuality, and improve the childs feeling about the body advancement. It will permit youngsters to all the more likely express the sentiments of fascination, closeness, and love for other people. Kids when grow up can create friendship for other people and marination aware relationship with others. How the asset would be utilized Sex decent variety, express intersex and same sex fascination, esteem assorted variety, get feelings, wellbeing proficiency, association with others Cutoff points and contemplations It is comprehensive of kids independent of sexual orientation, language, social decent variety and ethnicity It additionally incorporates youngsters from physical and mental incapacity Food and nourishment Data Brochure advises regarding approaches to support cerebrum with assortment of nourishments is featured. The handout makes consciousness of the nourishment training program for youngsters joined with deduction sound. Relevant for kids in kindergarten to 6thgrade. Ailing health is the basic issue in numerous Australian kids particularly those from remote and financially distraught territories. Evaluate What it is Handout accessible at https://sites.psu.edu/nutr360spr14/page/8/ Center (theme) Area in AC: HPE Food and Nutrition Area in AC:HPE Establishment Strand-individual, social and network wellbeing Sub strand-production solid and safe decisions, wellbeing education, and interfacing with the earth and network wellbeing advancement, (ACPPS054) General capacities feeling of prosperity Reconciliation Eat and think sound HPE-food and security, nourishment and medical advantages Expressions paint or draw solid nourishments Science-nourishments containing nutrients and ideas minerals and sustenance Expressions drawing and painting unique ideas on propagation and sexual wellbeing What it's identity is to be utilized by Instructors to introduce banners on great food and dealing with body Instructor to peruse out to the understudy about the play and development consistently Guardians creating action to assist youngsters with posting their contemplations and sentiments Educators and guardians can request that kids right things they like about themselves Why it is advantageous It is advantageous as the understudy can figure out how to think solid. They may figure out how to like themselves and approaches to deal with body. It will forestall medical problems like heftiness among kids. It will help kids in self commitment. How the asset would be utilized Cooperation, collaboration, dynamic, solid conduct, self satisfaction , confidence, wellbeing advancement and perceive sickness Cutoff points and contemplations It is comprehensive of all youngsters regardless old enough, sexual orientation, physical handicap and language It additionally incorporates youngsters with explicit sensitivities to figure out how to pick sound food Emotional well-being and prosperity Action It is instruction to kids on social and passionate aptitudes, training abilities and feeling of network utilizing a structure, KidsMatter Early Childhood. The system is the core values to assist youngsters with mental challenges. It is valuable in helping kids to make feeling of network, work with guardians and carers. Emotional wellness is essential to advancement of physical wellbeing. Psychological well-being in youth guarantees the social, conduct and passionate prosperity in the youthful age. Evaluate What it is Book and diary KidsMatter Early Childhood:A system for improving kids' emotional wellness and prosperity Segment 1:The foundation to KidsMatter Early Childhood Segment 2: Developing kids' social and passionate aptitudes Segment 3 :Working with guardians and carers Segment 4: Helping

Conservation of the Great Barrier Reef: is the Benefit worth the Cost?

Preservation of the Great Barrier Reef: is the Benefit worth the Cost? Presentation The Great Barrier Reef has been a notable piece of Australia’s worldwide picture for a considerable length of time. It is viewed as one of the seven common miracles of the world, it has been a world legacy site since 1981 and it is viewed as a state symbol of Queensland. This staggering and complex regular asset attracts in excess of 2,000,000 guests per year, but then there is tremendous discussion encompassing the preservation of the reef. The Great Barrier Reef is a touchy situation that depends on the costal biological systems encompassing the reef to work. The costal environments give the amphibian earthbound connection that â€Å"†¦support[s] the physical, natural and biogeochemical process that support the biological system soundness of the Great Barrier Reef†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2012). The Great Barrier Reef gives Australians and individuals overall numerous social advantages, for example, farming creation, business and recreat ional angling, the travel industry, diversion and ecological qualities. Absolute Economic Value of the Great Barrier Reef The Great Hindrance Reef gives financial advantages when either saved or obliterated. Natural what's more, financial concerns will in general raise discussion, regardless of whether it be land rights, common assets, contamination or some other assortment of ecological concerns. Popular assessment is intensely partitioned, some accept that the earth ought to start things out no matter what while others accept the economy is of more prominent significance. There is no correct answer. Truly financial benefits regularly struggle with ecological and social advantages. This impacts the way that approach producers decide, in this manner it is significant that there is an approach to esteem ecological highlights inside nature in fiscal terms. â€Å"Valuing nature in money related terms can successfully advise approach settings and help industry, government, the science network and the more extensive open completely comprehend the commitment of the condition to the economy and society.† (Total financial estimation of the Great Obstruction Reef what you have to know, 2017). In a world that is consistently developing more ecologically honest it is significant that there is an approach to help with common comprehension of natural and financial expenses and advantages. Utilizing the Total Economic Value (TEV) system a money related worth can be put ecological highlights, for example, the Great Barrier Reef. The point of this article is to give an examination of the estimation of the Great Barrier Reef and give a case for preserving the Great Barrier Reef and restricting or on the other hand changing the principle exercises or main impetuses that are putting weight of the Reef’s generally speaking wellbeing. What is Total Economic Value (TEV)? TEV is a money saving advantage examination structure utilized for esteeming a characteristic asset and looking at the expense and advantage of having said asset to the expense and advantage of not having it. As spoken to in figure 1 beneath, there are a wide range of kinds of qualities, the fundamental two being use esteems and non-use esteems. Figure 1: Total Economic Value Framework (Total financial estimation of the Great Barrier Reef what you have to know, 2017) Putting a money related an incentive on a whiz asset is a perplexing assignment and in this way all qualities must be evaluated and comprehended. For instance the Great Barrier Reef is a notorious Australian picture, as a symbol the Great Barrier Reef holds symbol esteem which is globally powerful on the travel industry as well as governmental issues and business too. Recognizing the Costs and Benefits of Great Barrier Reef Conservation Money saving advantage investigation (CBA) is a process that endeavors to gauge the positive and negative outcomes of something. CBA measures externality impacts, social advantages and consequences for the two members and non-members. Social Benefits of Great Barrier Reef Conservation The Great Barrier Reef holds a noteworthy number of social advantages that should be checked on while considering the TEV or a CBA of the reef. In a report of this size not all advantages can be checked on, simply the most significant social advantages and costs will be quickly talked about. The Great Barrier Reef has been a significant asset for a large number of years, extending back to when the indigenous populace lived inside the seaside territories encompassing the Great Barrier Reef. Today the reef is utilized and esteemed as a spot for individuals to visit and appreciate. The reef has given more than 54000 full time occupations for Australians through angling and the travel industry (At what cost? The monetary, social and symbol estimation of the Great Barrier Reef, 2017). The reef is likewise a significant zone for culture, entertainment, logical research and safeguard power preparing (McCook et al., 2010). Indeed, even through backhanded utilize the Great Boundary Reef impacts a large number of individuals absolutely by existing. Having a perfect waterfront and marine zone to use for recreational exercises advances a more beneficial way of life, this is a social advantage that gives a more beneficial populace and along these lines in the drawn out abatements clinical expenses. There is a comparable circumstance with respect to air contamination. Having a sound beach front condition and sound marine condition would assist with expanding clean air and diminish air contamination, this again would reduce clinical expenses in the long haul and advance a sound way of life. Social Costs of Great Barrier Reef Conservation It tends to be contended that the preservation of the Great Barrier Reef will negatively affect employments because of the reality that reef preservation negatively affects coal mining and delivery courses. So as to ensure the reef costal advancement must be directed and limited and this will significantly affect populace development and will monetarily impact waterfront towns. Preservation of the reef doesn't essentially mean expelling every single productive practice from the reef. Protection can imply that monetary action may proceed however just in a manner that is maintainable. Incredible Barrier Reef protection will bring about diminished development rate for occupations inside mining, angling, agrarian and the travel industry parts. Despite the fact that development rates for occupations would need to slow in the drawn out picture the employments that are made would be made to last. As populace size will keep on developing it must be resolved if the preservation of the Great Barrier Reef will be sufficient to help numerous waterfront and inland networks in north Queensland. The greatest main impetus for the help of advancement of new coal mineshafts and beach front ports in north Queensland is the guarantee of new openings for the individuals living in nearness to the Great Barrier Reef. Estimating the expenses and advantages of Great Barrier Reef preservation Advantages of the Great Barrier Reef Advantage Advantage Type Monetary Value Type Valuation Method Recreational Benefits Social Benefit Direct Use The two guests and occupants utilize the Great Barrier Reef for recreational exercises. The movement cost technique would be utilized to decide the measure of cash that individuals spent venturing out so as to utilize the reef for recreational exercises.  â€Å"About 60 percent of recreational guests visit the Reef somewhere in the range of one and multiple times in a year, however a little extent (around 15 percent) visit the region in excess of 50 times each year. Recreational use (counting recreational angling) contributed $153 million to the Australian economy in 2006/07. The specific commitment of the non-angling part isn't known.† (Gbrmpa.gov.au, 2017) Monetary Sustainability Private Benefit Direct Use By keeping up the strength of the Great Barrier Reef it will keep on being an advantage and gracefully occupations to the neighborhood. Financial Sustainability can be esteemed utilizing the Damage Cost Avoided, Replacement Cost, and Substitute Cost Methods Social Benefits Social Benefit Endowment Value Altruist Value Presence Value Symbol Value Numerous Australians invest wholeheartedly in the characteristic wonders inside the nation and are slanted to secure it for the utilization of people in the future. Libertine estimating would be utilized to decide the advantage of the reef as far as social and stylish worth. Medical advantages Social Benefit Direct Use Cleaner air and advancement of recreational exercises will have medical problems diminishing and cash will be saved money on Medicare. Medical advantages would be estimated utilizing the unexpected valuation strategy. Logical Research Social and Private Benefit Direct Use The Great Barrier Reef can keep on being utilized for logical research that may one day gracefully significant research. Angling industry Private Benefit Direct use The utilization of the reef for business angling can be esteemed utilizing the market value strategy, as fish can be esteemed inside a business advertise. The travel Industry Social Benefit Direct Use The utilization of the reef for the travel industry can be esteemed utilizing the profitability technique or the unforeseen valuation strategy as the reef supplies numerous items and administrations inside the travel industry. Expenses of the Great Barrier Reef Alternatives for evaluating the expenses and advantages of Great Barrier Reef preservation Apparently the most ideal approach to decide a fiscal estimation of the Great Barrier Reef is the all out monetary esteem (TEV) structure. This system has been utilized ordinarily by numerous various associations and over and over seems to have steady ends. Oxford Economics evaluated the TEV of the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 and came to the end that it is worth 51.4 billion dollars (Valuing the impacts of Extraordinary Barrier Reef fading, 2017), and in 2017 Deloitte business analysts decided that the estimation of the Great Barrier Reef remained at 56 billion dollars (At what cost? The monetary, social and symbol estimation of the Great Barrier Reef, 2017). The TEV system successfully envelops the best scope of costs, benefits and values out of all

Writing Essays On Environmental Issues

Writing Essays On Environmental IssuesWith the recent 'Earth Day' events, and the impending Decade of Solidarity with the Earth, more people are writing essays to give their input on environmental issues. There are many human impact on the environment essay topics to choose from. Some of these topics are listed below.Environmental Problems - Writing an essay on environmental problems is the easiest topic to write about, as it focuses more on what people can do to address an environmental problem rather than discussing the cause of the problem. Whether it is from pollution, overuse of natural resources, climate change, or other environmental problems, writing about them can help improve public awareness of the environmental issues. It is possible to become a consultant to the EPA or take a position on one of the environmental lawsuits related to the pollution, depletion of natural resources, and global warming. This is one of the best essay topics for students because it is fun, not t oo hard, and there are a number of career opportunities after writing an essay on environmental problems.Environmental Issues of Children - It is very common for children to get a poor grade on the SAT tests. If you want to have your essay published, you must include some sort of information regarding this problem. It can be anything from environmental degradation, deaths from diseases, or other environmental issues that affect children.Environmental Issues of Prisoners - Writing an essay on environmental issues of prisoners or those in prison is a great topic for writers to do. Many criminals have a difficult time adjusting to life outside of prison, and this is a way to give them a voice about the issues.Many people also find writing on topics like these enjoyable. The challenge is writing about the human impact on the environment without sounding preachy sounding.People can find articles online by searching through the Internet, such as the yellow pages, that list the essay topic s that they might want to write about. These websites list the best essay topics that are easy to write, do not sound preachy, and that they will be published for free or for a low cost.These essay topics can be as involved as they want to be. Whether you want to talk about overpopulation, global warming, pollution, or the problems of a specific group of people, these essay topics will help you to write more creatively.

Business Management And Accounting And Appropriate Data...

Executive Summary The approach adopted in this paper is to discuss three types of research methods available within the business management and accounting and appropriate data analysis techniques available within the field. As Creswell (2002) noted, qualitative method concentrates on words and observations to express reality and attempts to describe people in natural situations. In contrast, the quantitative approach grows out of a strong academic tradition that places considerable trust in numbers that represent opinions or concepts. Also, there is another research approach, mixed method, which integrates both previous methods and it combines main aspects of two others for more applicable results. The use of a mixed methods approach is†¦show more content†¦This paper also will present a summary of the different research methods to conduct research in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies and will evaluate this three common research approaches in conjunction with the various re search designs commonly used. Also, the main dimensions of the discussion about the relative characteristics and merits of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodology will be outlined; moreover the essay will develops the arguments that the use of a single methodology often fails to explore all of these components. Research Methodology Although, research is important in both business and academic activities, there is no adherence in the literature on how it should be defined. As D. Amaratunga et al. (2002) explained, it will come up from the many different offered definitions that there is an agreement which research is a process of examination and investigation as well as it is systematic, methodical and knowledgeable. There are three major research paradigms in business management and accounting: quantitative method, qualitative method and mixed method which they have individual approaches and the researchers gain specific results by using them; however, these methods have some differences from each other which it may cause some problems and deficiency in results. As Creswell (2002) has noted, quantitative research is the process of collecting, analysing, interpreting and writing the results of a study, while qualitative

The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in Decision Making

The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in Decision Making Introduction When making decisions humans commonly fall victim to errors in logic and reasoning. Since the inception of the study of the mind, psychologists have endeavored to isolate the characteristics and causes of errors in human thinking. Researchers and theorists have developed categories of such errors: representativeness heuristics, availability heuristics, memory and hindsight biases, etc. . . . In other words, to err is human. In 1957, Festinger identified another phenomenon in human cognition--cognitive dissonance. Festinger theorized that humans experience negative emotions when performing behaviors that are contrary to their attitudes. These negative emotions,†¦show more content†¦However, they experience dissonance when they realize that they cannot know everything and their experience with the world is limited to a small sample. To reduce this dissonance, the representativeness heuristic is applied, thus pla cing everything into categories. Their small sample of the world is now representative of the whole, and dissonance is reduced. Second, the availability heuristic is a result of the tendency of people to confuse probability with imaginability (Plous, 1993). For instance, the probability of being killed by electrocution is greater than that of being killed in an airplane crash. However, most people can imagine (from news reports) the tragedy of a plane crash more easily than electrocution while standing in a puddle of water in their bathroom. Thus, they falsely believe, through the availability heuristic, that it is more dangerous to fly to Europe than to use a hairdryer in the bathtub. We can see how dissonance theory can give rise to this error in human reasoning. 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However, In the case being discussed in this paper, participantsRead MoreImpulse Buying Behavior And Marketing Decision Making865 Words   |  4 PagesBehavior It plays a very important role and position in marketing decision making. It can be explained as a tendency of making â€Å"unreflective†, spontaneous, immediate, kinetic, unplanned and sudden purchases. Impulse buying has got two parts- cognitive and affective where cognitive is related with planning and latter one with situational factors leading to an impulse purchase. It provides hedonic reinforcement and reduces overload of selection. It is revealed that cognitive component of impulse buying isRead MoreCognitive Dissonance1475 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Consistency, the absence of contradictions, has sometimes been called the hallmark of ethics. Ethics is supposed to provide an individual with a guide for moral living, and to do so it must be rational, and to be rational it must be free of contradictions. When consistency and ethics are compromised, this is known as cognitive dissonance. Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he created the Cognitive Dissonance theoryRead MoreThe Outcome Of The 2016 Election Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesHillary Clinton is not entirely shocking. Cognitive dissonance theory, schemas and heuristics, and social influence, specifically conformity, can all help to explain why Donald Trump is America’s new president-elect. Cognitive dissonance is defined as â€Å"when people encounter an inconsistency between any two cognitions† (Haas, Lecture, October 11, 2016). These conflicting attitudes, beliefs, and values produce discomfort. The rules of cognitive dissonance theory by Leon Festinger state that the twoRead MoreTheories of Persuasion1733 Words   |  7 Pagesable to connect with his/her audience. Therefore, the speaker should be aware of what the audience likes or prefers. The following paper seeks to explore some of the main theories surrounding persuasion. The three that will be discussed are Cognitive Dissonance, the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Psychological Motivational Theory with special attention to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These theories when explained in full will discuss the process behind persuasive writing or speech. TheseRead MoreThe Case Household Appliance And Perfumes1336 Words   |  6 Pages The typical decision making process and that well-structured with the five processes is based on a special purposeful search by the customer. Once the problem has been recognized, customers need to acquire adequate information to resolve it. Information search is the process by customer surveys their environment for appropriate data to make a reasonable decision. The search process that consumer might follow for products category like in this case household appliance and perfumes, is different

Catawba free essay sample

Is the company correct in its practice of not manufacturing standard model compressors on Sundays because of the accounting loss incurred on each unit? As per the cost structure given in the case, Selling costs, Sales and Administration costs, Depreciation and other manufacturing overheads have been considered to be variable costs, i. e. per unit costs and hence have been accounted for in the calculation of profit and loss. As such, this methodology is resulting in a loss of $900 for every Sunday that the plant is operated. Therefore, if the present cost structure is used no production should be done on Sunday since it is clearly unprofitable. However, on a closer analysis, a few irrelevant costs like Selling expenses and General and Administration costs can be excluded, since they do not vary by the volume of production. Hence, even if the plant operates on a Sunday no incremental costs will be incurred for these particular items. We will write a custom essay sample on Catawba or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essays -

The Effects of Television Violence on Children What has the world come to these days? It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples? living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. The research proves time and time again that aggression and television viewing do go hand in hand. The truth about television violence and children has been shown. Some are trying to fight this problem. Others are ignoring it and hoping it will go away. Still others don?t even seem to care. However, the facts are undeniable. The studies have been carried out and all the results point to one conclusion: Television violence causes children to be violent and the effects can be life-long. The information can't be ignored. Violent television viewing does affect children. The effects have been seen in a number of cases. In New York, a 16-year-old boy broke into a cellar. When the police caught him and asked him why he was wearing gloves he replied that he had learned to do so to not leave fingerprints and that he discovered this on television. In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy as revenge as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled ground-up glass into the the lamb stew the family was to eat for dinner. When asked why he did it he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television (Howe 72). These are certainly startling examples of how television can affect the child. It must be pointed out that all of these situations were directly caused by children watching violent television. Not only does television violence affect the child?s youth, but it can also affect his or her adulthood. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered, have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult (Carter 14). Television violence can destroy a young child?s mind. The effects of this violence can be long-lasting, if not never-ending. For some, television at its worst, is an assault on a child?s mind, an insidious influence tat upsets moral balance and makes a child prone to aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Other see television as an unhealthy intrusion into a child?s learning process, substituting easy pictures for the discipline of reading and concentrating and transforming the young viewer into a hypnotized nonthinker (Langone 48). As you can see, television violence can disrupt a child?s learning and thinking ability which will cause life long problems. If a child cannot do well in school, his or her whole future is at stake. Why do children like the violence that they see on television? ?Since media violence is much more vicious than that which children normally experience, real-life aggression appears bland by comparison? (Dorr 127). The violence on television is able to be more exciting and enthralling than the violence that is normally viewed on the streets. Instead of just seeing a police officer handing a ticket to a speeding violator, he can beat the offender bloody on television. However, children don?t always realize this is not the way thing are handled in real life. They come to expect it, and when they don?t see it the world becomes bland and in need

Free Essays on The Power Of Surveillance

Today’s world is a world of total surveillance. Video cameras, secret shoppers, and thumb print scanners are only the beginning of a long list of devises that are used today to keep society â€Å"in check†. In Staples essay, he argues that surveillance has engulfed our cultures and has infiltrated every aspect of society, raising the question, â€Å"Who holds ultimate power?†. Michel Foucault, a French philosopher of the 20th century, who uses opposing ideas of the Enlightenment in attempt to prove human worth and identity, has also addressed this question. Foucault states that man is not autonomous by nature, but rather tied into an episteme. His idea on power and knowledge displaces the human subject from the central role of domination. Consequently, arguing that knowledge is no longer the â€Å"autonomous intellectual structures that happen to be employed as instruments of power† (Foucault, 219), but rather tied to systems of social control. Oâ₠¬â„¢Rourke’s documentary Cannibal Tours, examines the lives of the Iatmul Indians living in Papua New Guinea by filming the interaction between the natives and the western tourists who visit them, ultimetley bluring the boundaries between self and other. The cameraman juxtaposes interviews with the natives about the tourists and vise versa, in attempt for the audience to see both perspectives constructing and expressing their views of the â€Å"other†. Because of the panoptic power that the cameraman holds, the views of a presupposing audience are moldable, resulting in a society susceptible to manipulation. Through clever filming techniques, O’Rourke is able to capture the essence of the interactions, many of which closely parallel Foucault’s ideas of surveillance. Foucault’s concept of the panopticon instills a fear of the unknown into the lives of the watched. First devised by Jeremy Bentham in the 1800’s, its clever mediation of mass control quickly became a popular survei... Free Essays on The Power Of Surveillance Free Essays on The Power Of Surveillance Today’s world is a world of total surveillance. Video cameras, secret shoppers, and thumb print scanners are only the beginning of a long list of devises that are used today to keep society â€Å"in check†. In Staples essay, he argues that surveillance has engulfed our cultures and has infiltrated every aspect of society, raising the question, â€Å"Who holds ultimate power?†. Michel Foucault, a French philosopher of the 20th century, who uses opposing ideas of the Enlightenment in attempt to prove human worth and identity, has also addressed this question. Foucault states that man is not autonomous by nature, but rather tied into an episteme. His idea on power and knowledge displaces the human subject from the central role of domination. Consequently, arguing that knowledge is no longer the â€Å"autonomous intellectual structures that happen to be employed as instruments of power† (Foucault, 219), but rather tied to systems of social control. Oâ₠¬â„¢Rourke’s documentary Cannibal Tours, examines the lives of the Iatmul Indians living in Papua New Guinea by filming the interaction between the natives and the western tourists who visit them, ultimetley bluring the boundaries between self and other. The cameraman juxtaposes interviews with the natives about the tourists and vise versa, in attempt for the audience to see both perspectives constructing and expressing their views of the â€Å"other†. Because of the panoptic power that the cameraman holds, the views of a presupposing audience are moldable, resulting in a society susceptible to manipulation. Through clever filming techniques, O’Rourke is able to capture the essence of the interactions, many of which closely parallel Foucault’s ideas of surveillance. Foucault’s concept of the panopticon instills a fear of the unknown into the lives of the watched. First devised by Jeremy Bentham in the 1800’s, its clever mediation of mass control quickly became a popular survei...

Reaction Paper on David Cole interviews with Dr Franciszek Piper Movie Review

Reaction Paper on David Cole interviews with Dr Franciszek Piper - Movie Review Example We should start worrying about how history can get corrupted like anything and how any extreme act of inhumanity can go unaccounted for as time passes by. It is a truth that holocaust is always understood as a Jewish holocaust but on the fringes of that narrative, we also see Russians, Poles, Ukrainians and communists. Why should communists take up the Jewish propaganda is a question worth probing. Providing trivial aspects like the growth of Auschwitz into a commercial tourism spot to suggest that ‘Auschwitz’ is more hype than truth, is not adding to the serious tone of this video but only diminishing it. Also the mocking tone reflects of some kind of a prejudice. For example, when the presence of shops selling video cameras in Auschwitz is mentioned it is mockingly added that the visitors need not fear about missing a shot of the â€Å"final solution† (â€Å"David Cole Interviews With Dr. Franciszek Piper†). The contradiction in the statement of two ladie s about the holes on the roof of the gas chamber, is there but the second lady is not asked to explain her statement- that is, why the holes were made if they were not original. Also, I wonder whether the deaths (of all those people who have been killed by gassing in Auschwitz) have ever been properly documented or not. This information is lacking in this video. Did the relatives and friends of each ‘victim’ not try to locate the person, and the cause of death? Even the revised figure of the number of deaths in Auschwitz given by Dr. Franciszek Piper is 1.1 million, which is not a small figure. In any instance of mass death, there happens often a controversy about the death toll. And the version of Dr. Franciszek Piper also need not be the authentic version. The truth can be somewhere between these figures but that does not make irrelevant the question, how did people in such great numbers perish. Dr. Piper is readily

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Diabetes - Essay Example Additionally, it is caused because the produced insulin do not work properly commonly referred to insulin resistance. The disease is developed when the proper amount of glucose cannot enter the cells of a body to be utilized as fuel. This happen when there is limited insulin helpful in unlocking the cells or if there is no enough insulin to work in a proper manner(Matthews, 2008). Diabetes is caused by bacterial or viral infection, chemical toxins found within the food, and unidentified components that cause autoimmune reaction. The above named causes are termed as autoimmune reaction or autoimmune causes, this is because the body attack themselves. The second types of diabetes are normally multifactorial. This type of obesity is caused by living sedentary lifestyle, increasing age, poor diet, and obesity. Diabetes can also be caused by other illness and pregnancy. The symptoms of diabetes are typical. However, those with type 2 diabetes have symptoms that can go unnoticed. Some of the conventional symptoms for diabetes include urinating often, feeling thirsty, feeling hungry though you are eating, extreme fatigue and restlessness, blurry vision, bruises and cuts that are slow to heal, weight loss despite eating, and numbness, pain, tingling on hands. When detected early and treated early, can reduce the risk of complicating the disease (Stehouwer, 2009).   People with diabetes need to change their lifestyle. Normally, they need addition treatment like medication in controlling their blood pressure, blood fats, and diabetes. Medication cannot be substituted to taking regular exercise and healthy diet. Therefore, one needs to take diabetes medication, transplant of Islet cell, and use of insulin. When diabetes medication is carried out the blood glucose, level will lower and there are various different types that work in different ways. People with diabetes will medication and treatment such as insulin. Some of the

Globalizing an Australian Wine Company Essay Example for Free

Globalizing an Australian Wine Company Essay The company’s strategic vision is to become the world’s first truly global wine company. As CEO and managing director of BRL Hardy Europe, Carson’s contribution and achievements had been significant with a 10 fold increase in sales volume, in a tenure spanning just seven years. He successfully turned around Hardy’s U. K. business by implementing cost cutting initiatives and ensuring strong systems, policies, and control. Millar, CEO and managing director at BRL Hardy followed a decentralized approach to management. He believed in delegation and adequately integrated culture and management style into the merged corporation. The U. K. market contributed significantly to BRL Hardy’s revenues and represented 40% of Australian wine exports. In U. K. , the fighting brands, namely, Stamps and Nottage Hill, were positioned at price points of 2. 99 and 3. 69 pounds respectively. As low price good quality wines, they accounted for 80% of the value and volume of the Hardy brand sales. As the image of these brands began to erode, Carson decided to relaunch them by relabeling and repositioning the wines. Carson insisted that sales performance in U. K. depended on efficient labeling that should not be completely dictated by the Australian management. Although management was skeptical about local control over branding, labeling, and pricing decisions, the move significantly boosted the fighting brands’ sales. As the fighting brands gradually moved up the price points, there was an opportunity for an entry level wine that could be priced lower than 4. 9 pounds. In line with the company’s vision of becoming an international wine company, Carson decided to tap non-Australian wine sources and develop a line of branded products that could utilize the company’s strong distribution channels. This strategy would provide vital scale economies, minimize harvest risk, capture rationalizing suppliers, and avoid currency-driven price variations. Carson propose d the brand D’istinto, an Italian venture with a Sicilian based winery. He wanted to develop a recognizable brand which was easy to buy and had global potential. The wine would be positioned to the average wine consumer and would help the company leverage distribution. The Australian headquarters believed that D’istinto would eat into the fighting brands’ share as they were positioned at almost similar price points. Carson’s earlier Chilean venture, Mapocho had proven troublesome and Millar was doubtful if the European unit could support another brand. While Millar recognized U. K. s strong performance and wanted to give Carson as much freedom as possible, the reality was that the Italian venture would stretch the tight human resources of the European unit and dilute focus from the overall corporate strategy. While the Italian venture was being proposed, the Australian headquarters had launched Banrock Station, an environmentally responsible product at a similar price point. Australian management believed that the brand had global po tential and had instructed areas to launch it appropriately. Miller, away from the frontline and external demands of the local customers, has to support Carson’s entrepreneurial experimentation and dynamism. However, the proposal to launch D’istinto should not be approved. It is imperative that the business strategy fit within the broader corporate strategy of the organization. Although Carson’s proposal represented strategic interests, it ran counter the corporate strategy of maximizing global efficiency. D’istinto’s launch would certainly come with financial implications and would also stretch the operating capabilities of the European unit. On the other hand, Banrock Station had already established itself in a few markets and a strong launch in Europe would only increase scale economies. D’istinto had an innovative strategy with catchy and attractive labeling and a distinct image capturing the Mediterranean lifestyle. This positioning would definitely appeal to the mature U. K. consumer and also to the U. K. retailers, who represented the majority of sales. However, there is no certainty that this strategy would prove equally successful globally. While D’istinto would provide short term results, it is important to understand the long term viability that Banrock Station offers. Global consumers are increasingly emerging into environmentally conscious populations that expect corporations to take responsibility of natural resources and the environment. Although through D’istinto, Carson aims to build a global brand, Banrock Station appears to be better positioned in a converging global market. In order to build a true global brand, Miller must establish consistency across organizational units and ensure that the vision is shared by all.

The U.S. and The S.O.A. :: Essays Papers

The U.S. and The S.O.A. In its dealings with foreign nations, the government of the United States has repeatedly rushed past seeking diplomatic solutions to problems and utilized its military superiority or money to achieve the outcome it desires, regardless of civilian casualties that might occur along the way. Time and again, it has violated human rights or contributed to such violations. In some cases, the actions of the government have backfired and an ally that the U.S. was assisting at one point in time to achieve its own ends reverses itself and becomes an enemy. Whether that happens or not, many well-informed citizens are concerned for the welfare of the peoples in other nations and what the United States government is doing to them. In a democracy, where majority rules, issues such as U.S. involvement in human rights violations needs to be brought to the attention of more citizens. For issues pertaining to Latin America, this is all too apparent. It is too often overlooked, yet the U.S. maint ains a strong influence on most, if not all, of its nations. All over the world, the United States government uses its influence to achieve its own goals, even when those goals harm the peoples of foreign nations. The solutions which the U.S. uses to solve its foreign problems are generally temporary and have many negative consequences in the long run. The two most noteworthy occurrences which show these results are the two most difficult issues facing America in the present day. The opponents that the United States now faces were originally assisted by the U.S. during the 1980s. The two foes are Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein. Osama bin Laden gained assistance from the CIA in 1979 in what has been called â€Å"the largest covert operation in the history of the CIA.†[1] This was during the Cold War period when the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan, causing an uproar by the Afghani people, who began a jihad against the Soviets. In order to stop the spread of Communism, the United States wanted to rid Afghanistan of the Soviets.[2] So, the CIA, using the Pakistan's military Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) as a middle-man,2 assisted the Afghani fighters by dramatically increasing arms supplies -- a steady rise to 65,000 tons annually by 1987, by training them in guerrilla techniques, and by maintaining a "ceaseless stream" of CIA and Pentagon specialists who traveled to the secret headquarters of Pakistan's ISI.

Annotated Timeline: 1763-1783 Essay

1763: The Proclamation of 1763 was a royal directive issued after the end of the French and Indian War that prohibited settlement, surveys, and land grants west of the Appalachian Mountains. It was an attempt to organize western lands gained as a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris and it appease Native American tribes who lived in the areas. British North American colonists resented being denied access to lands they felt they had fought for and won in the French and Indian War. 1764-Sugar Act: A law passed by British Parliament which raised taxes on foreign refined sugar, leading to a monopoly in the West Indies that was controlled by British sugar farmers. 1765-Stamp Act: An act proposed by the British Parliament to require the use of stamps for all official documents, or articles. The act met large amounts of opposition and was repealed in 1766. 1765: Stamp Act Congress: A meeting held in New York, after the Stamp Act. It was attended by some of the colonies’ representatives to devise unified protest against Britain. It is considered the first attempt of such ideas. 1766-Declaratory Act: Following the repeal of the Stamp Act, British Parliament reasserted its authority to pass laws on the colonies, even though they did not have representation. 1767-Townshend Duties: Charles Townshend taxed imported good from England such as, paper, lead, and glass. The taxes went straight to the British officials to make them better able to enforce British law. 1770-Boston Massacre: A riot that broke out in Boston due to the colonists disliking for the British troops. The troops fired on the crowd, killing several people. (Boston Massacre 1770) 1773-The Tea Act: An act from British Parliament that gave them a monopoly unfair to American tea merchants, which would lead to more tension. 1773-The Boston Tea Party: In response to the Tea Act, a group of angry colonists boarded a British boat and tossed barrels of tea into the harbor in protest during the night. (Boston Tea Party-1773) 1774-Intolerable Acts: A series of laws passed by England in attempt to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. 1774-1st Continental Congress: A meeting of all colonies (excluding Georgia) that was held in Philadelphia after the Intolerable Acts to discuss ways to rebel against Britain, such as boycotting their trade. 1775-Lexington & Concord: The first military engagement between England soldiers and American colonists. American’s were on a mission to capture and destroy military supplies, but the British had learned of their plans, and moved the supplies elsewhere. 1775-2nd Continental Congress: A meeting of all colonies (excluding Georgia) that succeeded the 1st continental congress by having ideas of independence. By forming armies, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the congress acted as the national government. (Continental Congress) 1775-Battle of Bunker Hill: After learning of British intentions of occupying the hills around Boston, 1,700 colonists attempted to fight off British troops, but had to retread due to lack of ammunition. 1775-Olive Branch Petition: An attempt to end bloodshed by sending a pact to King George, from the 2nd continental congress, stating that they will be loyal to him, if he repeals the Intolerable Acts. 1776-Common Sense: Written by Thomas Paine, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain. (Common Sense-1776) 1776-Virginia Declaration of Rights: A document written to proclaim the inherent rights of man, including the right to rebel against an inadequate government. 1776-Declaration of Independence: A statement adopted by the continental congress that announced the 13 colonies regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. 1777-Battle of Saratoga: A battle fought 9 miles south of Saratoga, New York. The American forces under Benedict Arnold and fellow commanders defeated the British General Burgoyne and laid the groundwork for the entry of France into the war on the American side. 1777-Articles of Confederation: The first constitution of the 13 American colonies. It would eventually be replaced by the Constitution of the United States. 1778-Treat of Amity and Commerce/Treat of Alliance: A commercial alliance signed in Paris between the United States and the French. The treaty was signed during the Revolutionary war. 1779-Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom: A document written by Thomas Jefferson stating that all people are entitled to practice any religion and worship any god of their choosing. 1781-Battle of Yorktown: Led by Washington and the French commander Rochambeau, British troops were defeated in Yorktown, Virginia, as it proved to be a decisive victory for America. (Battle of Yorktown-1781) 1783-Treaty of Paris: The treaty that ended the war between America and England. Spain, France, and the Dutch were awarded land as a result.

How Bills Become Laws in the US Congress

Article I, Section 1 of the United States Constitution grants all legislative—bill making—powers to the U.S. Congress, made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. In addition to its legislative powers, the Senate has the power to â€Å"advise and consent† in matters of treaties negotiated with foreign nations and nominations to non-elected federal offices made by the President of the United States. Congress also has the legislative power to amend the Constitution, declare war, and to approve all matters concerning the federal government’s expenditures and operating budget. Finally, under the Necessary and Proper and Commerce Clauses of Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress exercises powers not explicitly enumerated elsewhere in the Constitution. Under these so-called â€Å"implied powers,† Congress is allowed, â€Å"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.† Through these constitutionally-granted powers, Congress considers thousands of bills each session. Yet, only a small percentage of them will ever reach the top of the presidents desk for final approval or ​veto. Along their way to the White House, bills traverse a maze of committees and subcommittees, debates, and amendments in both chambers of Congress. The following is a simple explanation of the process required for a bill to become a law. For a complete explanation, see... How Our Laws Are Made (Library of Congress) Revised and Updated by Charles W. Johnson, Parliamentarian, United States House of Representatives. Step 1: Introduction Only a member of Congress (House or Senate) can introduce the bill for consideration. The Representative or Senator who introduces the bill becomes its sponsor. Other legislators who support the bill or work on its preparation can ask to be listed as co-sponsors. Important bills usually have several co-sponsors. Four basic types of legislation, all commonly referred to as bills or measures are considered by Congress: Bills, Simple Resolutions, Joint Resolutions, and Concurrent Resolutions. A bill or resolution has officially been introduced when it has been assigned a number (H.R. # for House Bills or S. # for Senate Bills) and printed in the Congressional Record by the Government Printing Office. Step 2: Committee Consideration All bills and resolutions are referred to one or more House or Senate committees according to their specific rules. Step 3: Committee Action The committee considers the bill in detail. For example, the powerful House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Appropriations Committee will consider a bills potential impact on the Federal Budget. If the committee approves the bill, it moves on in the legislative process. Committees reject bills by simply not acting on them. Bills that fail to get committee action are said to have died in committee, as many do. Step 4: Subcommittee Review The committee sends some bills to a subcommittee for further study and public hearings. Just about anyone can present testimony at these hearings. Government officials, industry experts, the public, anyone with an interest in the bill can give testimony either in person or in writing. Notice of these hearings, as well as instructions for presenting testimony, is officially published in the Federal Register. Step 5: Mark Up If the subcommittee decides to report (recommend) a bill back to the full committee for approval, they may first make changes and amendments to it. This process is called Mark Up. If the subcommittee votes not to report a bill to the full committee, the bill dies right there. Step 6: Committee Action -- Reporting a Bill The full committee now reviews the deliberations and recommendations of the subcommittee. The committee may now conduct further review, hold more public hearings, or simply vote on the report from the subcommittee. If the bill is to go forward, the full committee prepares and votes on its final recommendations to the House or Senate. Once a bill has successfully passed this stage it is said to have been ordered reported or simply reported. Step 7: Publication of Committee Report Once a bill has been reported (See Step 6:) a report about the bill is written and published. The report will include the purpose of the bill, its impact on existing laws, budgetary considerations, and any new taxes or tax increases that will be required by the bill. The report also typically contains transcripts from public hearings on the bill, as well as the opinions of the committee for and against the proposed bill. Step 8: Floor Action -- Legislative Calendar The bill will now be placed on the legislative calendar of the House or Senate and scheduled (in chronological order) for floor action or debate before the full membership. The House has several legislative calendars. The Speaker of the House and House Majority Leader decide the order in which reported bills will be debated. The Senate, having only 100 members and considering fewer bills, has only one legislative calendar. Step 9: Debate Debate for and against the bill proceeds before the full House and Senate according to strict rules of consideration and debate. Step 10: Voting Once debate has ended and any amendments to the bill have been approved, the full membership will vote for or against the bill. Methods of voting allow for a voice vote or a roll-call vote. Step 11: Bill Referred to Other Chamber Bills approved by one chamber of Congress (House or Senate) are now sent to the other chamber where they will follow pretty much the same track of committee to debate to vote. The other chamber may approve, reject, ignore, or amend the bill. Step 12: Conference Committee If the second chamber to consider a bill changes it significantly, a conference committee made up of members of both chambers will be formed. The conference committee works to reconcile differences between the Senate and House versions of the bill. If the committee cannot agree, the bill simply dies. If the committee does agree on a compromise version of the bill, they prepare a report detailing the changes they have proposed. Both the House and Senate must approve the report of the conference committee or the bill will be sent back to them for further work. Step 13: Final Action - Enrollment Once both the House and Senate have approved the bill in identical form, it becomes Enrolled and sent to the President of the United States. The President may sign the bill into law. The President can also take no action on the bill for ten days while Congress is in session and the bill will automatically become law. If the President is opposed to the bill, he can veto it. If he takes no action on the bill for ten days after Congress has adjourned their second session, the bill dies. This action is called a pocket veto. Step 14: Overriding the Veto Congress can attempt to override a presidential veto of a bill and force it into law, but doing so requires a 2/3 vote by a quorum of members in both the House and Senate.  Under Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution, overriding a presidential veto requires both the House and Senate to approve the override measure by two-thirds,​ a  supermajority vote of the members present. Assuming that all 100 members of the Senate and all 435 members of the House are present for the vote, the override measure would need 67 votes in the Senate and 218 votes in the House.